Control Characters: What LF, CR and NUL Really Do
The first 32 ASCII codes are not characters you type. Here is what LF, CR, TAB and NUL actually mean, why CRLF still exists, and how to find invisible ones.
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All articles about unicode: 4 practical guides and tutorials from our free, privacy-first online tools.
ASCII, Unicode and UTF-8: Planes, Normalization and Sort Order
Past the basics of ASCII and UTF-8: how the standard was renamed, how the 17 Unicode planes are laid out, and why normalization breaks sorting and search.
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JSON String Escaping Rules: The Complete Guide (RFC 8259)
The complete RFC 8259 rules for JSON strings: which characters must be escaped, the backslash escapes, \uXXXX unicode escapes, surrogate pairs, and common mistakes.
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How Hyphenated Words Count: Rules and Edge Cases
See how word counters and style guides treat hyphenated compounds, punctuation, contractions, and sentence counts so you know when one token counts as one word.
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