Dev Tools

The Base64 Alphabet and Padding Explained (=, +, /)
dev-tools

The Base64 Alphabet and Padding Explained (=, +, /)

Which characters are valid Base64, which are illegal, why a block can be illegible, why it can start with /, and how the = padding works, with an example.

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Control Characters: What LF, CR and NUL Really Do
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Control Characters: What LF, CR and NUL Really Do

The first 32 ASCII codes are not characters you type. Here is what LF, CR, TAB and NUL actually mean, why CRLF still exists, and how to find invisible ones.

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Is Base64 Secure? Encoding vs Encryption Explained
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Is Base64 Secure? Encoding vs Encryption Explained

Is Base64 secure? No — Base64 is an encoding, not encryption. Learn how encoding vs encryption vs hashing differ and how to actually protect data.

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Why Your ñ Shows Up as ñ
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Why Your ñ Shows Up as ñ

Mojibake has one common cause: UTF-8 bytes read as Latin-1. Here is how to recognise the pattern, trace it to the layer that broke, and confirm the fix.

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How to Format and Validate JSON Online: A Practical Guide
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How to Format and Validate JSON Online: A Practical Guide

Learn how to format, minify, and validate JSON online: choosing indentation, what validation catches, and how to fix trailing commas, single quotes, and BOM errors.

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