Base64 for Files: Data URIs, Binary Transport & the 33% Overhead
What types of files you can send as Base64, how much Base64 size overhead costs, when to use data URIs, and Base64 vs binary for storing and sharing documents.
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The Base64 Alphabet and Padding Explained (=, +, /)
Which characters are valid Base64, which are illegal, why a block can be illegible, why it can start with /, and how the = padding works, with an example.
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Control Characters: What LF, CR and NUL Really Do
The first 32 ASCII codes are not characters you type. Here is what LF, CR, TAB and NUL actually mean, why CRLF still exists, and how to find invisible ones.
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Is Base64 Secure? Encoding vs Encryption Explained
Is Base64 secure? No — Base64 is an encoding, not encryption. Learn how encoding vs encryption vs hashing differ and how to actually protect data.
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Why Your ñ Shows Up as ñ
Mojibake has one common cause: UTF-8 bytes read as Latin-1. Here is how to recognise the pattern, trace it to the layer that broke, and confirm the fix.
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ASCII, Unicode and UTF-8: Planes, Normalization and Sort Order
Past the basics of ASCII and UTF-8: how the standard was renamed, how the 17 Unicode planes are laid out, and why normalization breaks sorting and search.
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Minify vs. Prettify JSON: When to Compact and When to Beautify
Should you minify or prettify your JSON? Learn what each does, the size vs readability trade-off, why minifying never changes your data, and which to use when.
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JSON Data Types Explained: The Six Value Types of RFC 8259
The six JSON value types per RFC 8259 — object, array, string, number, boolean, and null — with valid vs invalid examples and the type mistakes that break APIs.
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How to Format and Validate JSON Online: A Practical Guide
Learn how to format, minify, and validate JSON online: choosing indentation, what validation catches, and how to fix trailing commas, single quotes, and BOM errors.
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How to Decompile a JAR File Online With Nothing Installed
Decompile a JAR file online with nothing to install and nothing uploaded to a server. Learn the browser-based, privacy-first workflow for reading Java classes.
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Java Decompiler Online vs Desktop Tools: An Honest Comparison
Compare online browser-based Java decompilers with desktop tools like JD-GUI, CFR, Procyon, Fernflower and Krakatau, and learn when each approach wins.
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JSON Number Format Rules: Grammar, One Number Type, and Precision (RFC 8259)
How numbers work in JSON per RFC 8259: the exact grammar, one number type with no int/float split, no NaN or Infinity, and IEEE 754 precision pitfalls beyond 2^53.
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